Considerations of Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy Applied to Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis

Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is an essential tool for studying the dynamics of materials interactions at nanoscale, in and/or with their operational environment. Microfabricated SiN x membrane cells further allow integration thin-film electrodes that opens technique to studies heterogeneous electrocatalysts under relevant electrochemical conditions. However, experiments remain challenging and characteristics dedicated beam liquid electrolyte demand careful interpretation results. Herein, we discuss important aspects concern implementation LPTEM (ec-LPTEM). We first consider range information can be accessible electrocatalytic applications detail influence thickness flow electrolytes using membrane-based microcells. Further, provide guidelines pertinent configuration substrate working, reference, counter electrodes. validate these considerations by experimentally demonstrating application ec-LPTEM CO 2 reduction reaction (CO RR), oxygen (ORR), evolution (OER). The probed effects metallic oxide catalysts are directly related applied stimuli corroborate representativity processes investigation following described herein.